Potatoes require light, well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. Heavy or compact soil can hinder root development.
The ideal pH for growing potatoes is between 5.5 and 6.5. Ensure the soil is well-aerated to allow the roots to grow freely.
Before planting, loosen the soil to a depth of at least 20 to 30 cm to encourage proper tuber growth.
Incorporate well-decomposed compost or manure to enrich the soil and improve its structure, helping potatoes grow healthily.
Planting
Plant potatoes in the spring, about two to three weeks after the last frost. Seed potatoes should be placed about 10 cm deep in rows spaced 30 to 40 cm apart.
Choose certified seed potatoes that are suitable for your climate. Cut the tubers into pieces the size of an egg, with at least one eye per piece.
Space seed potatoes 30 to 40 cm apart to allow for good airflow and prevent disease. Plant them with the eyes facing up to encourage growth.
If needed, mound the potato rows to encourage the production of new tubers. This technique also helps protect potatoes from late frosts.
Watering
Potatoes require regular watering, especially during tuber formation. Water deeply, but avoid over-wetting the soil.
Reduce watering once the plants start flowering, as excess water can lead to tuber rot.
Be careful not to let water accumulate around the potato roots. Watering at the base of the plant, rather than overhead, is preferred to avoid fungal diseases.
During dry periods, it is important to water potatoes every 3 to 4 days to maintain consistent soil moisture.
Fertilizer
Fertilize potatoes with a balanced fertilizer rich in phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen. Apply it at planting time and during tuber growth.
Avoid using excess nitrogen, as it can encourage the growth of stems and leaves at the expense of tuber development.
If you notice signs of potassium deficiency, add a potassium-rich fertilizer to improve disease resistance and heat tolerance.
Harvesting
Potatoes are ready to harvest when the plants begin to yellow and the leaves wither. This indicates that the tubers are mature.
Use a garden fork to lift the tubers without damaging them. Handle potatoes carefully to avoid bruising, which can lead to disease.
For storage potatoes, leave them to dry in the sun for a few hours before storing them in a cool, dark place.
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