Watermelon prefers light, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. A sandy or slightly clayey soil is ideal to promote good root growth.
Before planting, make sure the soil pH is between 6.0 and 6.5. You can improve the soil by adding compost or well-rotted manure to increase fertility.
The soil should be well-worked to avoid excess moisture, which can cause root rot. A layer of mulch around the plants can also help maintain consistent moisture.
Planting
Plant watermelons when the soil has warmed up in spring, after the last frost. Ideally, temperatures should be above 18°C for optimal germination.
Space watermelon plants about 1.5 to 2 meters apart to allow for proper growth. Depending on the variety, you may need to give them even more space.
Plant seeds or young plants in holes about 5 to 10 cm deep. Water thoroughly after planting to promote rooting.
Watering
Watermelons need regular watering, especially during flowering and fruit set. Ensure consistent soil moisture, but avoid overwatering to prevent rot.
Reduce watering as harvest time approaches to allow the fruit to develop flavor. Too much water near harvest can dilute the sugars and affect the quality of the fruit.
Water in the morning to allow moisture to penetrate effectively without encouraging mold growth. Use drip irrigation for better water management.
Pruning
Watermelon pruning is not always necessary, but you can remove lateral shoots to focus the plant's energy on producing large fruits. This also helps concentrate growth on the main fruits.
If you notice damaged or diseased fruits, it's best to cut them off to prevent them from affecting the quality of the other fruits.
Fertilizer
Before planting, enrich the soil with a balanced fertilizer to provide the necessary nutrients for the plant's initial growth. Use a nitrogen-rich fertilizer at the beginning of the cycle.
Mid-season, switch to a fertilizer high in potassium and phosphorus to support fruit development and improve quality. Avoid nitrogen-rich fertilizers once the plant begins producing fruit.
Harvesting
Watermelon harvest usually occurs when the fruit is fully formed, reaches its maximum size, and has a hard rind. It should produce a hollow sound when tapped.
Another way to check if a watermelon is ready to harvest is by examining the stem. If it is dry and detaches easily, the fruit is ready to be picked.
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